This illustration, by the Dutch artist Jacobus Buys (c. 1724-1801), depicts a momentous event from the life of King Clovis (r. 481-511), a warlord who consolidated the Merovingian Dynasty’s power over the Franks and spread Frankish power to encompass most of France. Depicted here is a scene of King Clovis being baptized as a Roman Catholic Christian, as opposed to the Arian sect of Christianity that was popular with other Germanic peoples of that time. Traditionally, Clovis’ baptism is usually dated to the year 496, soon after a military campaign against the Alemanni. Nevertheless, as historians are wont to do, this traditional date has been contested, and proposals have been made to push the date of the baptism forward on King Clovis’ timeline to a later period of his reign. The ceremony was carried out by Saint Remigius, bishop of Rheims. Decades after the event, Bishop Gregory of Tours (c. 539-594) wrote an account of Clovis’ baptism in his Ten Books of Histories, also commonly known as the History of the Franks:
“The public squares were draped with coloured cloths, the churches were adorned with white hangings, the baptistry was prepared, sticks of incense gave off clouds of perfume, sweet-smelling candles gleamed bright and the holy place of baptism was filled with divine fragrance. God filled the hearts of all present with such grace that they imagined themselves to have been transported to some perfumed paradise. King Clovis asked that he might be baptized first by the Bishop. Like some new Constantine he stepped forward to the baptismal pool…As he advanced for his baptism, the holy man of God addressed him in these pregnant words: ‘Bow your head in meekness, Sicamber. Worship what you have burnt, burn what you have been wont to worship” (Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, II.31).
Such is the event that Jacobus Buys strove to depict in his illustration—a scene of King Clovis being baptized into the Roman church by Bishop Remigius. The king did not undergo baptism alone. As the story goes, more than 3,000 of his followers were also baptized that day.
Written by C. Keith Hansley
Sources:
- The History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours, translated by Lewis Thorpe. New York: Penguin Classics, 1971.
- https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search/objects?q=Clovis&p=1&ps=12&st=Objects&ii=8#/RP-P-OB-78.041,8
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clovis-I
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Remigius-of-Reims
