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Al-Ghazali

Al-Ghazali (1058-1111)

“Each thing has two faces; a face toward itself, and a face toward its Lord. Viewed in terms of the face of itself, it is nonexistent; but viewed in terms of the face of God, it exists.”

  • From The Niche of Lights (the First Chapter) by Al Ghazālī, translated by David Buchman. Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1998.

 

St. Augustine of Hippo

St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430)

“What is it in the soul that causes it to take more pleasure in things that it loves when they are found and recovered than if it has always had them?”

  • From St. Augustine’s Confessions (Book 8, chapter 3), in Christianity in Late Antiquity, edited by Bart D. Ehrman and Andrew S. Jacobs. New York, Oxford University Press, 2004.

 

Anna Komnene

Anna Komnene (c. 1083-1153)

“Time, which flies irresistibly and perpetually, sweeps up and carries away with it everything that has seen the light of day and plunges it into utter darkness, whether deeds of no significance or those that are mighty and worthy of commemoration.”

  • From Anna Komnene’s prologue to The Alexiad, translated by E.R.A. Sewter, (Penguin Classics, 2009). Anna Komnene was the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor, Alexios I (ruled 1081-1118). She wrote her Alexiad to serve as a history of her father’s imperial reign.

 

Lao Tzu

Lao Tzu (Daoist Founding theologian, c. 6th and 5th century BCE)

“Highest good is like water. Because water excels in benefiting the myriad creatures without contending with them and settles where none would like to be, it comes close to the way.”

  • From Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching (Book 1, section VIII), translated by D. C. Lau (Penguin Classics, 1963).

 

John Skylitzes

John Skylitzes (Byzantine Historian, 1040-1101)

“Reading provokes recollection; recollection nourishes and expands memory, just as, quite the contrary, negligence and laziness provoke forgetfulness which darkens and confuses the memory of what has happened in the past.”

  • From John Skylitzes’ A Synopsis of Byzantine History (811-1057) translated by John Wortley.

 

Second Epistle of Clement

Second Epistle of Clement (written in the 2nd century CE)

“This is the reason people cannot find peace. They give way to human fears, and prefer the pleasures of the present to the promises of the future.”

  • This quote comes from Second Clement (“The Second Epistle of Clement”), translated in After The New Testament: A Reader In Early Christianity, edited by Bart D. Ehrman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

 

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius (c. 121-180)

“Be not querulous, be Content with little, be kind, be free; avoid all superfluity, all vain prattling; be magnanimous.”

  • From Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations, Book V, (Xist Publishing edition, 2015).

 

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great (356 – 323 BCE)

“What good is it if I own lots of things but accomplish nothing?”

  • Quote attributed to Alexander the Great, cited and translated by Thomas R. Martin and Christopher W. Blackwell in their book, Alexander the Great: The Story of an Ancient Life (Cambridge University Press, 2012).

 

Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE)

“Fear does not generally admit of mercy in extreme danger.”

  • From Julius Caesar’s War Commentaries (Gallic War, 7.26) by Gaius Julius Caesar and Aulus Hirtius, translated by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn, 2014.

 

Mo Tzu

Mo Tzu (5th and 4th Centuries BCE)

“Hence fatalism brings no benefit to Heaven above, no benefit to the spirits in the middle realm, and no benefit to mankind below.”

  • From Mo Tzu’s Basic Writings (“Against Fatalism,” part 1, section 35), translated by Burton Watson.